Comparative study of three screening tests, two microbiological tube tests, and a multi-sulphonamide ELISA kit for the detection of antimicrobial and sulphonamide residues in eggs

Abstract : The screening of antimicrobial residues in eggs is an especially important subject. Three different commercial kits for the screening of sulphonamides and other antimicrobials in eggs were validated in accordance with Decision 2002/657/EC: one enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) kit multi-sulphonamides (from RAISIO Diagnostics) and two microbiological tests (a Premi® test from DSM and an Explorer® kit from Zeu-Inmunotec). The false-positive rates were lower than 2% for all kits. The detection capabilities (CCβ) have to be as low as possible for banned substances and lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) when MRLs have been set. The sensitivity of the Premi® test was better than that of the Explorer® test, probably because of the dilution of the eggs before the Explorer® test was used. The CCβ values towards most of the tested sulphonamides were satisfactory with the Premi® test (≤100 μg kg-1). Performance in a proficiency test for the detection of sulphonamides in eggs with the Premi® test confirmed these results. The detection capabilities of tetracycline and doxycycline were at the level of the MRL or twice the MRL maximum. The detection capabilities for chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline were higher (four to six times the MRL). The detection capabilities for amoxicillin, neomycin, tylosin and erythromycin were lower than their respective MRLs. Detection capabilities for sulphonamides were much lower for the ELISA kit than for microbiological tests. The ELISA kit could be recommended for the targeted screening of sulphonamides in eggs. On the other hand, the Explorer® and Premi® tests could be used as wide screening tests allowing the detection of most of the antimicrobial families.