Marker residues of dyes in farm fish: study of dye metabolism in fish by in vitro and in vivo models
Résidus marqueurs de colorants dans les poissons d’aquaculture: étude du métabolisme des colorants chez le poisson par des modèles in vitro et in vivo
Résumé
Dyes from the triarylmethane family are prohibited in aquaculture because of their toxicity. Despite this, they are still used in aquaculture due to their antiseptic and antifungal properties, and to their low costs and availability as chemicals in the industry. In order to protect consumers, European regulations impose strict controls on residues of prohibited substances in food of animal origin. In France, for dyes with pharmacological activity, this control is targeted on the presence of residues of malachite green, crystal violet and brilliant green in aquaculture products, including their marker residues in the form of metabolized leuco-bases. To anticipate the future of dye monitoring due to possible new practices in fish farming, this thesis explored different approaches based on the analysis of the fish metabolome by liquid chromatography coupled with High Resolution mass spectrometry and in vitro or in vivo methodologies. The results of this project provide data i) on the behaviour and fate of dyes in fish and ii) on their effects, with a view to proposing markers of treatments extracted from the endometabolome and / or the xenometabolome. We observed a biological disturbance in the production of bile acids after treatments with malachite green and with victoria pure blue bo (VPBO). Moreover, a direct metabolite resulting from the treatment of trout with VPBO, ie. deethyl-leuco-VPBO, has been highlighted as an appropriate marker residue in fish muscle and skin. Finally, an analytical method extended to several other families of dyes has been developed by means of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and including the new marker residues of treatment.
Les colorants de la famille des triarylméthanes sont interdits en aquaculture à cause de leur toxicité. Malgré cela, ils sont toujours utilisés en aquaculture du fait de leurs propriétés antiseptiques et antifongiques, de leurs faibles coûts et de leur disponibilité en tant que produits chimiques pour certaines industries. Afin de protéger les consommateurs, la réglementation européenne impose des contrôles stricts des résidus de substances interdites dans les denrées d’origine animale. En France, pour les colorants à activité pharmacologique, ce contrôle est ciblé sur la présence de résidus de vert de malachite, de cristal violet et de vert brillant dans les produits d’aquaculture, incluant leurs résidus marqueurs métabolisés sous forme de leucobases.
Origine : Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s)