Two major epidemics of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 and H5N1 in domestic poultry in France, 2020–2022 - Anses - Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail Accéder directement au contenu
Article Dans Une Revue Transboundary and emerging diseases Année : 2022

Two major epidemics of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 and H5N1 in domestic poultry in France, 2020–2022

Benoit Durand
Mathieu Andraud
Sophie Le Bouquin

Résumé

The spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses worldwide has serious consequences for animal health and a major economic impact on the poultry production sector. Since 2014, Europe has been severely hit by several HPAI epidemics, with France being the most affected country. Most recently, France was again affected by two devastating highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemics in 2020-21 and 2021-22. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the 2020-21 and 2021-22 epidemics, in a first step towards identifying the poultry sector’s remaining vulnerabilities regarding HPAI viruses in France. We examined the spatio-temporal distribution of outbreaks that occurred in France in 2020-21 and 2021-22, and we assessed the outbreaks’ spatial distribution in relation to the 2016-17 epidemic and to the two “high-risk zones” recently incorporated into French legislation to strengthen HPAI prevention and control. There were 468 reported outbreaks during the 2020-21 epidemic, and 1,375 outbreaks during the 2021-22 epidemic. In both epidemics, the outbreaks’ distribution matched extremely well that of 2016-17 and most outbreaks (80.6% and 68.4%) were located into the two high-risk zones. The southwestern high-risk zone was affected in both epidemics, while the western high-risk zone was affected for the first time in 2021-22, explaining the extremely high number of outbreaks reported. As soon as the virus reached the high-risk zones, it started to spread between farms at very high rates, with each infected farm infecting between two and three other farms at the peaks of transmission. We showed that the spatial distribution model used to create the two high-risk zones was able to predict the location of outbreaks for the 2020-21 and 2021-22 epidemics. These zones were characterized by high poultry farm densities; future efforts should therefore focus on reducing the density of susceptible poultry in highly dense areas.
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anses-03926786 , version 1 (18-10-2023)

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Paternité - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Pas de modification

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Sébastien Lambert, Benoit Durand, Mathieu Andraud, Roxane Delacourt, Axelle Scoizec, et al.. Two major epidemics of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N8 and H5N1 in domestic poultry in France, 2020–2022. Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2022, 69 (6), pp.3160-3166. ⟨10.1111/tbed.14722⟩. ⟨anses-03926786⟩
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