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Genetic diversity and phylogeography of the elusive, but epidemiologically important Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotype G3

Liina Kinkar 1 Teivi Laurimäe 1 Ibrahim Balkaya 2 Adriano Casulli 3 Houria Zait 4 Malik Irshadullah 5 Mitra Sharbatkhori 6 Hossein Mirhendi 7 Mohammad Rostami-Nejad 8 Francisco Ponce-Gordo 9 Steffen Rehbein 10 Eshrat Beigom Kia 11 Sami Simsek 12 Viliam Šnábel 13 Gérald Umhang 14 Antonio Varcasia 15 Urmas Saarma 1
1 Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
2 Atatürk University School of Medicine
3 World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis
4 University Hospital Mustapha Alger
5 Aligarh Muslim University
6 Golestan University of Medical Sciences
7 Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
8 SBUMS - Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran]
9 UCM - Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid]
10 Merial GmbH
11 TUMS - Tehran University of Medical Sciences
12 Firat University Faculty of Engineering Geology Department
13 SAS - Slovak Academy of Sciences
14 LRFSN - Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy
15 UNISS - Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari]
Abstract : Abstract Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a severe parasitic disease caused by the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Human infections are most commonly associated with E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.), comprising genotypes G1 and G3. The objective of the current study was to provide first insight into the genetic diversity and phylogeography of genotype G3. Despite the epidemiological importance of the genotype, it has remained poorly explored due to the ambiguity in the definition of the genotype. However, it was recently demonstrated that long sequences of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) provide a reliable method to discriminate G1 and G3 from each other. Therefore, we sequenced near-complete mtDNA of 39 G3 samples, covering most of the known distribution range and host spectra of the genotype. The phylogenetic network revealed high genetic variation within E. granulosus s.s. G3 and while G3 is significantly less prevalent worldwide than G1, the genetic diversity of both of the genotypes is equally high. We also present the results of the Bayesian phylogeographic analysis, which yielded several well-supported diffusion routes of genotype G3 originating from Turkey and Iran, suggesting the Middle East as the origin of the genotype.
Keywords : Bayesian phylogeny Cystic echinococcosis Echinococcus granulosus Genotype G3 Genetic variability Mitochondrial genome Phylogeography Zoonoses
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https://hal-anses.archives-ouvertes.fr/anses-03419329
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Submitted on : Monday, November 8, 2021 - 1:46:25 PM
Last modification on : Monday, February 7, 2022 - 3:54:03 PM

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Liina Kinkar, Teivi Laurimäe, Ibrahim Balkaya, Adriano Casulli, Houria Zait, et al.. Genetic diversity and phylogeography of the elusive, but epidemiologically important Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotype G3. Parasitology, Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2018, 145 (12), pp.1613-1622. ⟨10.1017/S0031182018000549⟩. ⟨anses-03419329⟩

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